The list with chromosome numbers and pollen fertility is ordered on base number. Within such a group, the
ordering is alphabetical or - more or less - geographical from West to East. The list is based on Jacobsen (1977), Arends et al.(1982), Petersen (1989) and unpublished data from Jacobsen and Bastmeijer.
base number
x =
species
chromosome count
2n =
pollen fertility range in
%
distribution
unknown
C. consobrina
India
C. decus-silvae
W. Malaysia
10
C. ideii
20
Kalimantan
C. hudoroi
20
90 - 100
Kalimantan
C. keei
20
90 - 100
Kalimantan, Sarawak
C. striolata
20
Kalimantan, Sarawak
11
C. ciliata var. ciliata
22
70 - 100
India to Papua New Guinea
C. ciliata var. latifolia
33
10 - 30
India to Papua New Guinea
C. spiralis var. spiralis
33, 66, 88, 110, 132
80 - 100
India
C. spiralis var. cognatoides
66/72
0 - 10
India
14
C. cognata
28
90 - 100
India
C. beckettii
28, 42
50 - 100, 0 - 10
Sri Lanka
C. nevillii
28
Sri Lanka
C. parva
28
90 - 100
Sri Lanka
C. undulata
28, 42
Sri Lanka
C. walkeri
28, 42
Sri Lanka
C. wendtii
28, 42
Sri Lanka
C. ×willisii
28
Sri Lanka
15
C. longicauda
30
90 - 100
Sumatra, W. Malaysia, Sarawak, Kalimantan
C. moehlmannii
30
90 - 100
Sumatra
C. pontederiifolia
30
80 - 100
Sumatra
C. villosa
30
100
Sumatra
17
C. annamica
34
Vietnam
C. vietnamensis
34
Vietnam
C. scurrilis
34
90 - 100
Sumatra
C. bangkaensis
68
30 - 100
Sumatra
C. cordata var. cordata
34
20 -100
Thailand, W. Malaysia
C. cordata var. diderici
34?
Sumatra, W. Malaysia (?)
C. cordata var. grabowskii
68
90 - 100
Sarawak, Brunei, Kalimantan
C. cordata var. siamensis
102
0 - 10
Thailand
C. jacobsenii
34
0 - 10
Sumatra, W. Malaysia (?)
C. minima
34
80 - 100
Sumatra, W. Malaysia
C. affinis
34
10 - 20
W. Malaysia, Thailand
C. elliptica
34
W. Malaysia
C. ×purpurea nothovar. purpurea
34
0 - 10
W. Malaysia
C. ×purpurea nothovar. borneoensis
51
0 - 10
Sarawak, Kalimantan
C. edithiae
51, 68
0 - 30
Kalimantan
C. griffithii
34
90 - 100
W. Malaysia, Singapore, Bintan (ID), Kalimantan
C. nurii
34
90 - 100
Sumatra, W. Malaysia
C. schulzei
34
90 - 100
Sumatra, W. Malaysia
C. zukalii
34
0 - 10
W. Malaysia (?)
C.×timahensis
54
0 - 10
Singapore
C. auriculata
34
Sarawak
C. bullosa
34
90 - 100
Sarawak
C. uenoi
34
Sarawak
C. yujii
34
Sarawak
C. ferruginea
34
5 - 100
Sarawak
C. fusca
34
90 - 100
Beliton (ID), Sarawak, Kalimantan
C. pallidinervia
34
Sarawak, Kalimantan
C. noritoi
34
Kalimantan
C. aponogetifolia
34
Philippines
C. coronata
34
90 - 100
Philippines
C. pygmaea
34
Philippines
C. usteriana
34
90 - 100
Philippines
C. dewitii
34
Papua New Guinea
C. versteegii
34
90 - 100
Papua (ID), Papua New Guinea
18
C. alba
36
90 - 100
Sri Lanka
C. bogneri
36
90 - 100
Sri Lanka
C. thwaitesii
36
0 - 100
Sri Lanka
C. waseri
90 - 100
Sri Lanka
C. albida
36
80 - 100
Myanmar, Thailand
C. cruddasiana
36
Myanmar
C. sivadasanii
36
India
C. retrospiralis
36, 72
India
C. crispatula var. balansae
36
90 - 100
Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, China
C. crispatula var. decus-mekongensis
36
Laos
C. crispatula var. crispatula
36, 54
60 - 70
Thailand, Laos, Vietnam
C. crispatula var. flaccidifolia
36
Thailand, Vietnam, China
C. crispatula var. planifolia
36
China
C. crispatula var. tonkinensis
36
Thailand, Vietnam
C. crispatula var. yunnanensis
36
China, Thailand
C. loeiensis
36
90 - 100
Thailand
C. mekongensis
36, 54
Thailand, Laos, Cambodia
C. lingua
36
90 - 100
Sarawak
C. zaidiana
36
Sarawak
Chromosome counts
When the chromosome number 2n is two fold the base number the plant is a diploid, in the
case 2n is three times the base number the plant is a triploid. And so on. Triploids are often highly sterile (see pollen fertility).
Pollen fertility analysis In contrast to chromosome counting, pollen analysis is very simple. Pollen from
very old herbarium material, alcohol preserved spathe's and fresh material can be used.
Staining with 'cotton blue' is simple and fast and you need a relative simple microscope.
But you must know what to look for.
Low percentages of stainable pollen indicate that something went wrong in the cell due to
not matching the chromosomes in a right way. Very low figures make the plant sterile and cannot propagate in a sexual way. This may indicate a hybrid origin of the plant. The higher the figure the more close
were the parents.
